从 OCR 和 ECAR 到能源：生物能源学研究设计和解释的观点

From OCR and ECAR to energy: perspectives on the design and interpretation of bioenergetics studies

Keywords：bioenergetics, mitochondria, anaerobic glycolysis, cell metabolism, ATP

关键词：生物能量学, 线粒体, 无氧糖酵解, 细胞代谢, ATP
作者：Schmidt CA, Fisher-Wellman KH, Neufer PD
出版期刊：《JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY》（2021/8/28）

Abstract：

Biological energy transduction underlies all physiological phenomena in cells. The metabolic systems that support energy transduction have been of great interest due to their association with numerous pathologies including diabetes, cancer, rare genetic diseases, and aberrant cell death. Commercially available bioenergetics technologies (e.g., extracellular flux analysis, high-resolution respirometry, fluorescent dye kits, etc.) have made practical assessment of metabolic parameters widely accessible. This has facilitated an explosion in the number of studies exploring, in particular, the biological implications of oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and substrate level phosphorylation via glycolysis (i.e., via extracellular acidification rate (ECAR)). Though these technologies have demonstrated substantial utility and broad applicability to cell biology research, they are also susceptible to historical assumptions, experimental limitations, and other caveats that have led to premature and/or erroneous interpretations. This review enumerates various important considerations for designing and interpreting cellular and mitochondrial bioenergetics experiments, some common challenges and pitfalls in data interpretation, and some potential “next steps” to be taken that can address these highlighted challenges.

文章摘要：

生物能量转导是细胞中所有生理现象的基础。支持能量转导的代谢系统由于与糖尿病、癌症、罕见遗传疾病和异常细胞死亡等多种疾病的关联而备受关注。商业上可用的生物能量学技术（例如，细胞外通量分析、高分辨率呼​​吸测定法、荧光染料试剂盒等）已经使代谢参数的实际评估变得广泛可用。这促进了研究数量的爆炸式增长，特别是通过糖酵解（即通过细胞外酸化率 (ECAR)）探索耗氧率 (OCR) 和底物水平磷酸化的生物学意义。尽管这些技术已在细胞生物学研究中显示出巨大的实用性和广泛的适用性，但它们也容易受到历史假设、实验限制和其他导致过早和/或错误解释的警告的影响。这篇综述列举了设计和解释细胞和线粒体生物能量学实验的各种重要考虑因素，数据解释中的一些常见挑战和陷阱，以及可以解决这些突出挑战的一些潜在“下一步”。
 

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